Cement
Cement is a binding material used in construction to bond aggregates such as sand and gravel into concrete, and is a fundamental component of the global building and infrastructure industries. It is produced by heating limestone and clay or other silica-bearing materials in a kiln at temperatures exceeding 1 400 °C, forming clinker, which is then ground with gypsum to create the fine powder known as cement. The most common type is Portland cement, which accounts for the majority of global production and is used in applications ranging from residential buildings to large-scale infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, dams and ports. Cement manufacturing is energy-intensive and relies heavily on coal, electricity and alternative fuels, making it sensitive to energy costs and supply constraints. The industry is also a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, both from the combustion of fuels and the chemical process of calcining limestone, prompting growing investment in lower-carbon technologies and alternative binders. Major cement producers operate integrated plants that combine quarrying, clinker production and grinding, often located near limestone deposits to minimise transport costs. In Africa, cement demand is driven by urbanisation, population growth and infrastructure development, with South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt and Kenya among the largest markets. The sector is characterised by high capital intensity, economies of scale and regional market structures, with multinational groups and domestic players competing alongside state-owned enterprises in some countries. Cement prices are influenced by raw material availability, energy costs, transport logistics, import competition and construction activity cycles. The industry faces ongoing challenges including energy security, environmental regulation, capacity utilisation and the need to balance growth with sustainability objectives.
Cement Updates
EU to strengthen carbon levy on high-emission imports
By: Reuters 17th December 2025 The European Union will expand its carbon border levy - a fee charged on imports of high-emission goods - to cover car parts and washing machines,... →
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